Six Steps to Install Oilfield Drilling Fluids Decanter Centrifuge

READ: Drilling solids decanter centrifuge, the fourth solids control equipment, mainly contends with suspension containing solids diameters beyond 2μm, drilling mud and separated fluid phase. It ought to be well installed far from the inlet of borehole pump for fully agitating recycled fluids.

Drilling solids decanter centrifuge, the fourth solids control equipment, mainly contends with suspension containing solids diameters beyond 2μm, drilling mud and separated fluid phase. It ought to be well installed far from the inlet of borehole pump for fully agitating recycled fluids.

The swirling centrifugal force from its electric motor accelerates solid sedimentation and separates different sedimentation coefficients and buoyant densities. Then its thruster pushes the slags out since differential mechanism occasions a speed difference between screw thruster and bowl, carrying settled solids off the bowl and down to the narrow end along screw blades, dewatering them at the meantime and then thrusting them out from discharge nozzle. 

Six Steps to Install Drilling Fluids Decanter Centrifuge:

1. Drilling solids decanter centrifuge ought to sit far from the inlet of mud pump for a full agitation in the mud. 

2. Firm installation of drilling solids decanter centrifuge is important, so its 4 legs ought to be fixed on the surface of tanks with bearing bars.  

3. Its installation also involves protruding the discharge groove from the tanks and connecting it with hydraulic supply line for a better performance of sand discharge.

4. Mud pump ought to stand behind desander and desilter, and connect tightly with feed pipes and inlet pipes. 

5. Join together the flushing feed pipes and perforated pipes on inlet pipes and the drilling mud tank.

6. Plug in and switch on all the parts of drilling solids decanter centrifuges for the sake of repairing safety.

Summary of Mud’s Composition and Resultant Functions

READ: Drilling fluids, the circulating fluid for drilling operations, is a mixture of the fluid, the solid and chemical agents. It is usually known as the “mud” or the “blood of drilling” deriving from its distinctive significance. 

Drilling fluids, the circulating fluid for drilling operations, is a mixture of the fluid, the solid and chemical agents. It is usually known as the “mud” or the “blood of drilling” deriving from its distinctive significance.(shale shaker)

Economically effective removal of harmful solids involves thorough and deep knowledge in solid composition characteristics and consequent effects on drilling operations.

The solid in mud primarily includes concocting clay, weighting materials, drill cuttings and other solid substances. In terms of sources, it then comprises concocting clay, debris, weighting materials, solids from agents, etc.

Besides, different types of action of solids and ions in water can further categorize low-density solids into active and inert ones. 

Active solids: Active solids tends to hydrate or react with other solids in the mud, They have higher surfactivity, larger specific surface area and more active electrochemical properties. And usually a closer unity exists between clays, clay and ions, clay and polymers. Active solids are also known as useful solids for their roles in mud property adjustment. 

Inert solids: Inert solids refer to such inactive solids without any surface charge or possibility of electrochemical reaction as sands, flints, limestones, dolomites, some shales and various mineral mixtures. When they integrate, they can improve the mud properties by compressing active solids and increasing the viscosity, However, Inert solids are usually of no use, which another name“useless solids”derives from, and are corrosive to circulating equipment when the diameters are beyond 15μm, thus they are also known as harmful solids. 

Rock cuttings, the major harmful solids in mud, can exert great influence on the mud properties as they add to the density, viscosity, yield point, water loss, abrasiveness, treacliness and flow resistance, and can trigger various bore hole complications like damage of formations, reduction of drilling velocity, increase of table torque, resistance of each trip, sticking drilling, leakage, blowout, etc. 

http://www.kosun.com/products/solids-control-equipment/shale-shaker.html

Solutions for Four Common Underflow Problems of Cyclone

READ: When cyclone works, high-speed swirling movement generates the air column and low-pressure area, creating suction towards underflow outlet. This cyclone is often found in drilling fluids mud cleaners where solid-content fluids enters and solids leave through underflow outlet.  

　　When cyclone works, high-speed swirling movement generates the air column and low-pressure area, creating suction towards underflow outlet. Inject some water into cyclone by certain pressure and adjust the outlet till it allows no fluid flow, meaning it reaches the balance point. This cyclone is called balanced cyclone, often found in mud cleaners where solid-content fluids enters and solids leave through underflow outlet.

　　However, some problems may arise adjusting the underflow outlet:

    1. “Dry Underflow”: Relatively smaller outlet can pile a layer of dry silt between it and the balanced point. When ultra-fine solids enter, its water goes through the layer and dewatered solids block the outlet, causing dry plug. And this is called “dry underflow” adjustment.

    2. “Wet Underflow”: Relatively larger underflow outlet can discharge conical rotating liquid. And this is called “wet underflow”.

    3. “Radial” Discharge: Commonly, two flows move mutually reversely at the apex, one is the air inhaled and another the solid-content slurry discharging radially, forming an annular curtain there. Inhaled air keeps the outlet open and the cyclone efficient.

    4. “Rope-like Discharge”: When the solid content excessively exceeds the designed capacity, the cyclone is over-loaded and solids flow out outlet in a rope-like shape, making no air or annular curtain but a nozzle possible. Then, some solid phase within limits will turn around and out from vortex finder.

source:www.kosun.com

Causes and Solutions of Sand Fill in Hydrocyclones

Hydrocyclones are major components in desander, desilter and mud cleaner and assist most of their works. A hydrocyclone has a upper casing, a lower casing, a underflow mouth as well as auxiliary parts. The upper casing is an inlet chamber in cylindric with an inlet pipe on one side and a vortex tube in top middle as the overflow. The lower casing is a cone whose angle ranges from 15°~20° at the tip. The underflow mouth is located at the bottom as the discharge port for solids.

The work principle of hydrocyclones is to separate two or several components with different densities with the aid of centrifugal force. After the mixture is sent into hydrocyclones by certain pressure, it gradually flow into a high-speed rotation where the heavy phase form an outer swirl by moving downwards along the axis, outwards along radial direction, downwards again along the cone till they flow out of underflow; while the light phase form upward inner swirl by moving towards axis and upwards till they go out from overflow outlet. Thus, the separation is done.

Sand fill is the commonest anormaly to hydrocyclone and is categorized as:

Sand fill at the underflow: it happens as a consequence of improper adjustment that results in  dry bottom or of excessive silt content which brings about overloaded hydrocyclone. It should be removed immediately as it affects the purification ability and accelerates abrasion of lining and vortex tube. Usually the best ways are to enlarge underflow outlet or to have more solids taken away by preceding equipment. 

Sand fill at the inlet: it can be partial or overall. Partial sand fill decelerates fluid flow inside inlet, leaks enormous drilling fluids from underflow and sometimes clean mud which may flow backwards from the overflow as, at that time, hydrocyclone is not more functional than a hopper. Overall sand fill is prone to back flow drilling mud from the overflow. Inlet sand fill generally stems from poor drilling fluids management, and most likely from going round the shale shaker or abrading shaker screens.

Announcements on drilling mud cleaning desander

Desander, also known as hydrocyclone desande, make the drilled solids removal according to centrifugation precipitating and density differential principle. In mud cleaning system, it is usually set behind shale shaker or vacuum degasser, as a 2nd or 3rd stage equipment in solids control system.

Desander function in mud cleaning system

In drilling fluids cleaning or purification, the hydrocyclone desander and desilter should be configured with numbers of cones, one to three for desander and eight to twenty for desliter. To make sure the highly effective performance, the working pressure should be 0.25~0.34MPa.The desande is used to get rid of larger particles treated after by shale shaker but before desilter., which means hydrocyclone desander will leave better fluid property for desilter cones that make a separation between 15~45 microns.

Announcements on mud cleaning desander

Make sure that pipelines, cones are kept clean, no block, leak or broken. Check all the valves for correct position, steady and reliable installation.Then, confirm feeding pump is all right for operation.

2. Open on mud gun, mud agitator to make feeding pump inlet clean before desander pump and desander operating.

The figure should be 0.2~0.4MPa which ensure desander safe and effective performance.
4. To be noted, close desander feed inline before stopping the feeding pump. Do not stop the centrifugal pump until drilling fluid discharged completely. Usually, desander and desilter will combined together as a mud cleaner,but install 2 separated single pumps for each equipment or separator is needed.

How to find Mud cleaning desander for sale

Come to KOSUN equipment, the customization provides different mud cleaner, desander,, desliter and other solids control solutions for a variety of needs. KOSUN engineers will collaborate with you for the best option suits for your needs.

Oilfield Drilling Drilling Desander Features

KOSUN desander can be used as the second stage( installed downstream from the shale shaker) or the third stage( after shale shaker and vacuum degasser) solids control equipment to remove the drilled solids.Desander can be installed with one to three cones, process 500GPM, per cone. Usually the cone diameter is more than 6" is called desander , and used as the second -control equipment in the drilling operation . we commonly used 8" and 10 " cones desander to separate solids with the diameter between 45~75 microns.
Desander Features & benefits
1. Polyurethane(PU) Material or high-chromium cast iron for desander cones with longer using life.2. Clamp type for easy maintenance.3. Compact design with small footprint.4.flexible options for 1,2 or 3 cones for different capacities.5. Flexible fast connection is available for user to assembly.


KOSUN desilter can be used as the 3rd stage( installed downstream from the shale shaker and desander) or the 4th stage( aftershale shaker, vacuum degasser and desander) solids control equipment to remove the drilled solids.desilter can be installed with eight to twenty cones, process 80GPM, per cone. Usually, the desilter is used to conduct the drilled solids removal after shale shaker and desander, in other words, the larger solids have been removed by the former solids-removal equipment, the drilling fluids to be treated by desilter are much more fine.Commonly, installed with 4" and 5 " cones, desilters separate drilled solids with the diameter between 15~45 microns.
Desilter Features & benefits
1. 100% Polyurethane(PU) material for desilter cones with longer using life
2. Clamp type for easy maintenance
3. Compact design with small footprint.
4. Flexible options for 8 or 10, 12, 16 for different capacities.
5. Flexible fast connection is available for user to assemble.

The types and quantities of solids present in drilling mud solid control system

The types and quantities of solids (insoluble components) present in drilling fluids systems play major roles in the fluid’s density, viscosity, filter-cake quality/filtration control, and other chemical and mechanical properties. The type of solid and its concentration influences mud and well costs hole stability, These, in turn, influence the service life of bits, pumps, and other mechanical equipment.

Drilled solids, consisting of rock and low-yielding clays and addictive polymer, are incorporated into the mud continuously while drilling. To a limited extent, they can be beneficial before excess the tolerated concentration. Different mud densities require different strategies to maintain the concentration of drilled solids within an acceptable range. Whereas low mud densities may require only mud dilution in combination with a simple mechanical separator, high mud densities may require a more complex strategy:
chemical treatment to limit dispersion of the drilled solids (e.g., use of a shale inhibitor or deflocculant like lignosulfonate),
(b) more complex solids- removal equipment, such as mud cleaners and high-speed centrifuges .

Solids removal on the rig is accomplished by the following techniques: Shale shakers, desander , desilter, centrifuge. Each device is designed to remove a sufficient quantity and size range of solids.Often these are accomplished using separate devices, but sometimes these processes are combined, as in the case of the mud cleaner, which is a bank of hydrocyclones mounted over a vibrating screen. Another important hybrid device is the cuttings dryer (also called a rotating shaker), which is a centrifuge fitted with a cone-shaped shaker; Additional devices can help to enhance solids-removal efficiency. For example, a vacuum degasser is sometimes installed (before any centrifugal pumps, typically between the shakers and desanders) to remove entrained air that can cause pump cavitation and reduction in mud density.

Although,the solids-control equipment used on a rig is designed to remove drilled solids—not all solids—from a drilling fluid, perfect separation of desired from undesired solids is not possible, the advantages offered by the solids-control equipment far outweigh their limitations. Solids removal is one of the most important aspects of mud system control, since it has a direct bearing on drilling efficiency and represents an opportunity to reduce overall drilling costs.The key to efficient solids control is to use the right combination of equipment for a particular situation, arrange the equipment properly, and ensure that it operates correctly.

The type of drilling mud shale shaker

As the first stage of solid control system, the shale shakers are the primary means of cuttings removal, and the proper configuration of the shale shakers has been proved vital to the drilling of the well. During the operation, the operator should be constantly aware of any losses occurs over the shale shakers and make some change if necessary. Drilled solids are by far the main cause of the drilling fluids being contaminated and the shale shaker is the main means of preventing this from happening,

Before dilling mud circulating begin, the driller should decides what size of shale shaker screens should be chose. Usually, the shale shaker has been installed with double-deck screens, the upper and the lower screens. The figure for mech size is the number of wires per inch--the higher the value, the smaller the openings.The choice of shale shaker is largely depended on the flow rates, the cutting size, viscosity.If the mesh is too coarse, the solids will simply pass through the screen back into the circulating system. If the shale shaker screens are too fine, none of the solids will pass through and will be prompting large mud losses, but if the operators adopt a screen with the same size mesh as the cuttings that are coming to the shale shaker, then the screen will be “blinded” and the efficiency will drop dramatically, as the individual particles stock themselves on the mesh.

The type of drilling shale shaker

Usually, there are two common used shale shakers, linear motion shale shaker and balanced elliptical motion. KOSUN linear motion shaker is especially effective while drilling top-hole sections where heavy and high-volume solids are usually encountered. In these intervals, shakers may generate powerful G-forces and its effective vibrating motion can quickly remove the dense solids from screens and particles from wells. While, KOSUN elliptical motion shale shaker in balanced elliptical mode is especially effective while drilling top-hole sections where heavy, high-volume solids usually are encountered. In these intervals, shakers need to generate high G-forces to effectively move dense solids across the screens. During drilling breaks and increased viscosity the balanced elliptical motion eliminates the need for screens changes as well as losses.

Operating principles of oilfield drilling desander

Hydrocyclonic desander, as solid-liquid separation process, has been widely used in a range of industries to including chemical, environment protection, pharmaceutical and food. It has been found that hydrocyclonic desander is a green physical water-treatment equipment with a lot of advantages:cost-effective, easy operation, maintenance free, one-off investment and no pollution.

Operating principles of desander

The separation is achieved by accelerated sedimentation. As the mixed drilling fluid with density differential ( consist of high-density and low-density streams) is passed through the rapidly rotating bowl, centrifugal force will moves the heavier particles to the bottom of the clone and discharged, while the lighter fluids will be flowed through top overflow.
FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS
1,Simple structure, cost-effective, easy to install and operate and few maintenance.
2,Small footprint but high capacity.
3,Application scope: sand-removal in river and well, solid-liquid separation in coal washing and mineral processing, liquid-degassing and in the separation of immiscible liquids.
4,Application fields: air-condition water-treatment, chemical, petroleum, mineral,pharmaceutical, textile and other fields.
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS:
1,Fixed the solids control equipment on the base deck with three foundation bolts. The base deck should be made of concrete.
2,The base deck should be flat, or fixing the equipment on the flat floors.
3, pipe installation and the direction of flow
THE INSTRUCTIONS
1,Don’t close the inlet & outlet valves but close the sand-discharging valves during normal operation
2,Open the sand-discharging valves until the water runs cleaner when discharging.
3,Close the sand-discharging valves after discharging.。
4,Close the outlet valves when the pressure of sand-discharging valves are insufficient.
notes on security
5,Unauthorized disassemble is unadvisable.
6.Hdrocyclonic desander should be installed downstream from the centrifugal pump.
7,Water added with corrosion inhibitor should be fed into the clones before stopping the long-running operation to reduce corrosion and protect the solid control system.

Jet mud mixer for solids control drilling mud system

A good mud mixing and additive system should be a jet-shear mud mixing system, which commonly has three functions: shearing, jet mixing and drilling fluids additive. KOSUN designs and produces such multifunctional equipment.

 Jet mud mixer for solids control system

Jet mud mixer can be mounted on a separate skid then connected with a mud mixing tank, or they can be mounted on the skid of the tank. The latter way is a compact structure of mud mixing unit, and the former way can be more flexible to move the mud mixing unit from one place to another. But you do not have to move it all the time, the mud mixing pipelines which is controlled by butterfly valves can reach this target, too. Install hopper with a mixing pump is the simplest way for the mud mixing unit. Centrifugal pump can be replaced by shear pump or called it jet mud mixer. Jet mud mixer is designed to use shear pump to efficiently mix solids with liquids. Jet mud mixer ensures efficient mix of soluble polymers and bentonite used in water-based drilling fluids, therefore eliminating “fish eyes”. Drilling fluid yield and gel strength properties are instantly obtained with hydraulic shearing of bentonite or organophilic clays.

Established in 1992 KOSUN is the first group of manufacturers of drilling fluids solids control equipment,and an expert in drilling waste treatment.It is the forerunner of solids control equipment in China, which is specialized indecanter centrifuge,shale shaker,desander,desilter,mud cleaner and complete solids control system.. As the professional advanced decanter centrifuge supplier,KOSUN has won high recognition and praise from domestic and abroad with science core technique and a lot of innovative patents.At present, KOSUN’s business scope mainly covers China mainland, Commonwealth of Independent States, North Africa,Australia, U.S.A.and etc.

Drilling mud agitator supplier from china

Definition of mud agitator
A mud agitator is used in surface mud systems to suspend solids and maintain homogeneous mixture throughout the system. A mechanical agitator is driven by an explosion-proof motor, coupled to a gear box that drives the impeller shaft. The impellers (turbines) transform mechanical power into fluid circulation or agitation. The objective is to obtain a uniform suspension of all solids. The agitator is an important part of the mud solids control system. It is mounted on the circulating tank. The vanes of the agitator dip into the mud to agitate the fluid uniformly. There are mainly two kinds of types of agitator mounting. They are horizontally mounted agitator and vertically mounted agitator.

Mud Agitator Application

KOSUN MA series mud agitator is part of the drilling fluid solids control equipment, which is mainly used to agitate and mix the drilling mud to prevent solids particles from depositing in the circulating tank and to stabilize the performance of drilling fluid.
It is composed of explosion-proof motor,speed reducer,motor base and blade.The connection
between motor and speed reducer,speeder reducer and impeller shaft is achieved by steel coupling .The impeller is welded by four blades.
Mud AgitatorFeatures
1. Helical-bevel gearbox.
2. Explosion-proof electric motor.
3. Able to process 20 ppg drilling fluid
4. Power available ranging from 2.2 to 22KW
5. Compact,quiet,smooth and easy to maintain.
Established in 1992 KOSUN is the first group of manufacturers of drilling fluids solids control equipment,and an expert in drilling waste treatment.It is the forerunner of solids control equipment in China, which is specialized indecanter decanter centrifuge,shale shaker,desander,desilter,mud cleaner and complete solids control system.. As the professional advanced decanter centrifuge supplier,KOSUN has won high recognition and praise from domestic and abroad with science core technique and a lot of innovative patents.At present, KOSUN’s business scope mainly covers China mainland, Commonwealth of Independent States, North Africa,Australia, U.S.A.and etc.
Any need for mud agitator, no matter horizontal one or vertical one, please feel free to contact us. We’ll do our utmost to serve you.

The drilling fluids containing large number of solids and cuttings

Part one: mud tank, the first step when the drilling mud was pumped out of well hole.
The circulating system pumps drilling mud in and back out of the well hole, then the drilling mud will be stored in several steel mud tanks on the ground beside the rig. The drilling mud is kept mixed in the mud tanks by rotating paddles on a shaft called mud agitator or by a high pressure jet in a mud gun. Large pumps driven by the prime moves, called mud bogs, use pistons in cylinders to pump the drilling mud from the mud tank.

The mud tanks are 6 feet(1.8m) high, up to feet (2.4m) wide, and are usually 26 feet (7.9m) long. They have two, three, four or more compartments. A common mud tank configuration has the shaker tank receiving the drilling mud flows from the shaker tank to the reserve tank and then to the suction tank. Drilling mud from the suction tank goes to the mud pumps,then goes to the desander,desilter and decanter centrifuge.

All in all, drilling fluids circulating system consists of drilling mud purification equipment being composed of drilling shale shaker,vacuum degasser, desilter,desander, mud cleaner and decanter centrifuge, auxiliary equipment including mud agitator, centrifugal pump, mud mixer jet, and all the mentioned equipment will be mounted on the top of closed mud tanks to constitute a complete oilfield solids control system. The drilling fluids containing large number of solids and cuttings will be treated by oilfield solids control system to achieve cyclic utilization by removing undesirable solids and optimizing composition ratio, viscosity and proportion.